PROJECT BLUE BOOK

K343.6012-24
7-3745-413
1C03848
RETURN TO X
USAF Historical Archives SMC
ASI(ASHAF-A) Maxwell AFB, Ala 36112
H0

Marine Corps (Ret).
NICAP, through its publication the "UFO Investigator," has
made
hearing to investigate
of the UFO program. It is our opinion that this appeal prompted
Mr. Speights' letter to you.
19, has written to us on two
previous occasions has. received an answer to each
this most recent letter. It from
some NICAP publication.
Following are some observations regarding statements in
Mr. Speights' letter.
O's; however, such
action is not unusual prove that . these /phe-
V

. The fact that Captain Ryan arrived
schedule tends to substantiate
the claim that he did not
their own field,
can temporarily misidentify some phenomena thus report-
experience is related in Chapter IV, page 60 of his forthcoming
book, THE WORLD OF FLYING SAUCERS, publiShed by Doubleday.
which indicate ball
electromagne
cause. Due to the infrequent occurrence and the transient nature

ignition, atmospheric for the reported
trouble.
The Air Force has taken geiger counter readings immediately
after sightings b but has yet to find
nificantly from the normal background o
Radar :s sightings are o supported by visual sightings because
the same atmospheric condi which produce visual anomalies may
also effect
nwida madiowithinforma
approved by the Air I Dr. J. Allen Hynek,
Northwestern University,
who has served as Air the a.m since
1948.
In order that the public be provided with as much information
as possible, every effort is made o keep UFO sightings

the original documents lishing
suggests that UFo's are of - interplanetary o rigin. It is possible
that the meaning of this document was The Air
minded attitude still persists, and investigators
I
Scientific studies too extensive -
and nature noise for integration into our
work.

1
-6-
. Phe-
nomena Program. We stand ready ive you any further coopera-
tion which you deem necessary.
V

Speigito FICIAL FILE COPY
TDEW
Request for UFo Information(John P. Speights) 1 August 1963
Hq USAF SAF-OI 3b Wells)
Wash 25 DC
1. Reference the attached letter from Pvt John P. Speights
requesting information on unidentified flying objects.
This letter is forwarded to your o
2. flying objects in the photographs
taken at Salem, Massachusetts on July 16, 1952 have been
evaluated as light reflections on the window through which
the photos were taken. the photos were taken.
FOR TH OMMANDER
TEEICIL
/ Robert J.Friend, 1 Ang63
ERIC T. de JONCKHEERE ERIC T. de JONCKHEERE 1 Atch 1 l Atch
Colonel, USAF Ltr fm Pvt J.P.
Deputy for Technology Deputy for Technology and Subsystems Speights, dtd
8 Jul 63.
b

.
.
A Btry Hq En Special Troops
USAADCEN
Port Blias, Texas
July 8, 1 1963
Major Cari R. Hart
Office of Publie Information, USAF
Wasnington 25, D. C
Dear Major I Hart:
Rast the Air Force examined the photograph
of four L UFOs taken July 16, 1952 at Salem, Maas.
by a Coset Guardenan? If so, what were the Air
Forcels dindinge regabiing thts photograph? Forgels findinge regabiing this photograph? Could Could
the photograph have been the photograph have been faked? faked?
Yours truly, Yours truly,
(Pvt.) John P. Speightes Sreigbte
RA 14797414
A

Mr. Speights requested information on UFo's from the Air
Force on Force on previo occasions. sions. promptly answered nswered
each time. each time.
3. Apparently appeal to the members of the members of
NICAP, through the organizatic the organizati on bulletin on bulletin "UFo Investigator," "UF Investigator,"
to write to their to write Congressma Congressm requesting 'equesting hearings has at
least one least one response. We believ We belie that the SAFLL staff should hat the SAFLL staff should
be appraised f this and previous this and previou attempts by Major attempts by Major Keyhoe
to discredit the USAF the USAF anc and brin ngressional hear-
ings on ings on the 1
FOR COMMANDER
ERIC T. de JONCKHEERE 1 Atch
Colonel, USAF Cy 1tr fm FTD(TDG) to
Deputy for Technology and Subsystems AFNIN(Lt/Col Dessert)
dtd 18 Jul 63, Subj:
UFO, w/atch 3 only.
C

for information on the USAF Unidentified Flying Objects pro-
gram from Congressman Carl Vinson. This proposed reply was
sent to AFNIN for
2. Partly due to the efforts of private UFO organizations
there have been two briefings on the UFO program for Con-
gressional sub-committees. One was held in the summer of
1958; the other, during the week of 10 July 1960. A hear-
ing was averted during the summer of we briefed
Mr. Richard P. Hines the House Space stronautics
Committee during his visit MT Hines was gathering
background information for Congressmar rth a mem-
ber of the committee. As a resul port. Con-
gressman Karth recommended ther hearing of
Mr. Karth's letter to Major letter to Major Keyhoe Keyho National Investi-
gations Committee on Aerial Committee on Aerial Phenomen Phenomer privat private organi- organi-
zation, stating the stating the Congressn Congressman's garding trding a a
hearing is attached.
3. Also attached is a copy of an article which will appear
in the next edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The
article was written n by the consultant 0 program,
Dr. J. Allen Hynek of Northwestern University, and approved
by the Air Force. Dr. Hynek has been consultant to the UFO
program since l948. We have suggested tl copy of this
article accompany the letter Congressma Vinson.
FOR THE
R.J.F. 22 Julye
/n ERIC T. de JONCKHEERE 3 Atch
Colonel, USAF 1. Cy proposed reply to
Deputy for Technology and Subsystems Congressman Carl Vinson.
2. Cy ltr Rep Karth to
Maj Keyhoe, 28 Aug 61.
3. Cy exerpt fm next ed
Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Major Keyhee, a
U7O Investigator, and others like him to disorodit
Air Force's handling ox the UVO prograa have
resulted in tvo Congresalonal vrinca and BUNOrOUB
queries for information frgm the noobord o1 Congress.
The first briofing Was in the azguer o 1oss and the
oecand took DIRCO during the woek of io July 1960,
WAG giren to meabers of the Benate
Preparednss the House Arued Servicos
Sub-Conmittee, Astronsutica Dub-
Ccmittee, CIA, and reproaentativeg the office
of the Secrotary of the Als Forco.
2. A later offort of Anjor Zeyhon's to inatigate a
hearing on Vwo's by the on VO's by the Mouse Spaco and and Actronautle
Commtttee during Conmittee during the aunte the sumor of 1901 of 1961 was unsuccossful. neauccossful.
Congressran Joneph Larth of this conuittee sent Mr.
Richard P. Eines, n stafd congultant to FTD to collect
backgroand AnIcrestion regarding th Force'g
handling progran. Fron Mr. Hines' report,
Mr. Earth de ternined thnt the Alr For ce's appronch to
the progra and
cherges of sore without grounds. A copy
of Congrosn lotter to Kajor Koybce 1.s
attached.
4. Binca 1t is appareat from Mr. Speights' letter
that Major Koyboe and others are atteupting to force
further Congresnional bearingn on the UFo program,
it is my opinion that this rather long letter "to
BY. Vinson is Justifled,

EXTRA COPIES
ACTION BACKGROUND MATERIAL OFFICIAL FILE COPY
1003848
RETURN TO USAF Historical Archives
ASI(ASHAF-A) Maxwell AFB, Ala 36112
- NOISIAIO
OWS OWS
SEEIN SEEEIN
EOK
= BOFE WNAN COMAD
-

. 1
S. i suggest that a copy of the Uro artiole by Dr. J.
Allen lynek which is to appenr in ths regt edition of
the Enoyclopaeita Dritannics bo attached to Coogresgpan
Vinzon i Istter.
5 Atch
30 Ltr Carl Vinson, 8 Jul 63.
Ltr J.P. Spcighte, 2 Jul 63.
3 Proposed reply to C. Viagon.
4. 3 ay Itr Rep Karth to Maj
Keyhoe, 28 Aug 6l.
5. 3 cy ogorpt fa Encyclopaedia
Britannica.
COORDINATION:
TDE IDE Date
C&l Erie T. d6 Jonckheere C&l ErIe T. d Jonckheere
TDEW TDEW Dote
Kr. Fred P. Van Dame Kr. Fred' P. Van Dame
TOEW TOEW Date So
Lt Col Robort J. Friend

is in determining if thoy
information. Furthor, the Air Force attompts to determino the
sighting in order to allay publie anriety resulting
from an inoident involving uaidentified acrtal phonomona.
Detter than 60 per cent of 1 the mord than 75oo ceses investi-
gated since 1947 have been attributod to ths milsidentification
of such familiar objects as
mirages. A small
remains unidentified duo, for the most part,
objeets/phenomona
satellites or space
In the United States thore are more than fifty private
unidentified
these organizations boast more than 500,000 mombors. During the
1060 Presidential olection, the members of these organizations
actually nominated their own candidate who allegedly throw his

This organization is headed by Major Donald B. Kaghoe, U.S.
Marine Corps (Ret).
made
man roquesting a hoaring to investigate the Alr Force's handling
It is our opinion thet thin eppeal prompted
Mr. Speights' letter to you.
has received an answer to each of his two
letters. Fron comparison of the language in his previous lotters
this most recont letter. It is probable that he copied it from
some NICAP publication.
Following are s S observations regarding statements in
Mr. Speights' letter.
have b
action is s not unusual these objects/phe-

according to his own stntemont, he did not deviato from course
for this or any other Tho fact that Captain Ryan arrived
to substantinto
Scientists and cngineers, though expert , in their own - field,
can tomporarily bisidentify sOmo object or phenomena thus roport-
1 no 42 Piavd
with his specialized
Donald K. Menzel of Harvard, a noted astronomer- Dr. Monzol i was
fooled for a timo by the refrmoted imago of the star Sirius. 2 This
bOOK, THE WORLD OF FLYING SnUcERs, publiahed by Doubleday.
There are sightings in the Air Force tiles which indicate ball
phenomena as the probable
cause. Duo to the infrequent and the transiont nature

-
accidentally stall the car. Because ball lightning usually occurs
immediately following a severe - thundor storm, such factors as wet
ignition, atmospheric may be the cause for the roported
trouble.
The Air Forco has taken geigor counter roadings imediatoly
after sightings but has yet to find I any readings which vary sig-
nificantly from the pormal
Radar sightings are Iten supportod by visual sightings because
the same atmosphoric conditionm which 1 prodaoe Nisdal anomalies may
also effect radar.
It is Air Force policy to provide Cupsn mbdaa with information
Eritannica
This article,
approved by the Air Force, Wa repared by Dr. J. Allon n Hynek,
Chairman of the Departmont of Astronomy as Northwestern University,
who has servod to the UTO since
1948.
In order that the public be providod with as nuch infornation
as possible, overy effort is made to keep UFO sightings unclassified.

in the presentation of the data nor in the determined probable
cause.
which states that UFo's are intorplanetary space ships. One of
the I
evidonce from sightings
ouggests that E UFo's are of interplanetary origin.  It is possible
that the moaning of this document was miainlerprerted. The Air
Force's open minded attitude etill perslurts, and investigators
and analysts have no preconceived notioni am to the cnuse for a
has boon found " to load us to oven suspoct that
these objects are interplalotary spacels aips.
Unidentified aerial
account
boing conducted to determine the extent
intogration
work.

0 0
n
It is hoped that this
UnidentiEled Aerial Phe-
nomona Program. Wo stand rendy to give roa aby further coopora-
tion which deem necessary.

have been UFO.
However, it was my belief that you, your organization and others like
it, actually had proc you would
be prepared to prove this during the course of the hearing. And further
that UFo's were not merely the result of phenomena,
sorts)
I was sadly disappointed T read your proposed plan, suggestions
and viewpoints. I cannot help but feel after so reading, that your
primary if not sole objective, is
(with the least possible publicity, you say) and thereby cause the U.S.
Air Force embarrassment unless they bare to you and others, all informa-
tion you seek, including such information that may well involve our
Nation's security. am opposed to unnecessary secrecy. However,
unnecessary or unwarranted I secrecy is nothing more than a matter of
opinion. And so though you and I opposed such, we may well
disagree on extent and content. As a former military officer, you in
your judgment and knowing all the facts, in all probability withheld -
from the public, knowledge I would no t have considered ecret." I re-
peat - I have opposed and will continue to oppos secrecy.
At the same time I will of sour
grapes in disguise.
Your letter to Chairman Brooks (including your proposed plan)
concerned itself almost totally, in my opinion, with evident dislike
and malicious intent toward a great branch of the military. In fact
it sounded to me like nothing more than rivalry. Now I
hasten to add that I could be wrong, read many plans and
proposals in my day and must say I recognize little prejudice and/or
dislike when I see it. If you are not in a position to "make a good
case" that UFO's are some kind of foreign craft, I'm not even interested
in holding hearings. This I thought t your purpose. Certainly I'm

the subcommittee to answer all of NTCAP oft cials' questions regard
to specific UFO sighting, reports ses Force
investigation."
However, in paragraph opose "...and
the NIcAP representatives will answer full, except revealing names
and
(Emphasis added). What kind of honesty, forthrightness andfairness
is that? You demand that a military service this nation is to
divulge everything to you, ,BUT YOU IN TURN cannot give "certain details"
because it is confidential (secret)? Oh, yes, I have also read
paragraphC of your proposals ("It is also agreed that the Air Force
may withhold names similarly, where witnesses insisted on this, and
also, such minor items as classified radar techniques, aircraft speeds
and other relatively unimportant points not bearing on this main ques-
tions at issue.) (Emphasis added).
in justice could refrain completely. all what witness honestly
interested in security of his nation
Force he remain nonymous? (Or to your organization for that matter).
Secondly, you generously grant Air Force the privilege of withholding
"relatively unimportant points not hearing on the main questions at
issue." Very generous, indeed If you have information which the
Air Force is keeping secret, but does not involve national security, I
suggest you release it ne They'll love it.
Honestly and sincerely, I make this confession;before I had
received copies of f your letter (and terms) to Chairman Brooks, I was
vitally concerned and interested in what positive and factual informa-
tion you had on UFo's and the assistance you might give to the Committee.
You dispelled any hopes I had relative thereto in the language heretofore
1

cited. I also could not overlook your language on page three: "The
secrecy dangers at this time, final oonclousdons about the
UFO's. Undoubtedly, I have been misinformed on the purpose of
NICAP. I was erronously led to believe you had factual evidence
of some kind about UFo's
If I have anything to say about ,yeur ters, conditions and
suggestions will accepted.
Very truy yours,
Joseph E. Karth
cc: Hon. Overton Brooks, Chairman
Hon. John Cormack, Majority Leader
Subcommit members
JEK:eb JEK:eb
=
P

. 18 July 1963 Ltr to VINSON

..
UNIDENTIFIED FLYING
OBJECT (UFO)
by
J. Allen Hynek
17 68
DMO
1963
Copyright under International Copyright Union
Conventions by Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Printed in U.S.A.
WILLIam BeNToN, Publisher

forerunner of the mesonychid family of the creodonts, while the long, ending in a curved beak of
Perissodactyla may be related remotely to the Cretaceous ancestors equal or greater length. When
of the condylarths. dry, the beak splits into two
Recent studies by Miss H. S. Pearson on the skull structure opposed hooklike or clawlike ap-
of the carliest artiodactyls have revealed that at a very early pendages.
date the order was already subdivided into two series, one the UNIDENTIFIED FLY-
amastoid series, in which the mastoid region of the periotic bone ING OBJECT (UFO), in
was completely covered by the squamosal and adjacent elements military parlance, means any
(as in the suines and their extinct relatives), and the other, the aerial object that fails to identify
mastoid series, in which the mastoid was well exposed on the outer itseli to, or to be identified by.
side, as in the Eocene Dichobunidae and all the ruminant artio- ROCHE trained ground or air-borne crews
dactyls. See also ArTIoDacTYL. UNICORN PLANT (PROBOSCIDEA using visual or electronic detec-
BiBLiograpHy.—W. H. Flower and R. Lydekker, Mammals, Living JUSSIEUI) SHOWING FLOWERS. tion methods. Since 1947, owing
and Extinct (1S91); H. F. Osborn, The Age of Mammals (1910); HORNLIKE FRUITING POD AND to a sequence of biza re circum-
W. B. Scott, History of the Land Mammals in the Western Hemisphere LEAVES stances, UFO has become an om-
(1937)s W. K. Gregory. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1910); G. G. nibus term connoting any object or optical phenomenon, usually
Simpson, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 85 (1946).
(W.K.G.;X.) aerial, that the observer cannot readily explain. UFO frequently
UNICORN, a fabulous beast, usually having the head and is used interchangeably with "flying saucer," a term coined in 1947
body of a horse, the hind an antelope, the tail of a lion as a result of the reported sighting by a civilian pilot, Kenneth
(sometimes horse's tail), sometimes the beard of a goat, and as its Arnold, of a series of disk-like objects over the mountain ridges in
chief feature a long, sharp, twisted horn, similar to the narwhal's the vicinity of Mt. Rainier, Washington. As a result c. the wide
tusk, set in the middle of its forehead. The earliest description is publicity given to this sighting, there followed a wave of reports
that of Ctesias, who states that there were in India white wild of unidentified objects by observers in various parts of the U.S.,
asses celebrated for their fleetness of foot, having on the forehead as well as in other countries.
a horn a cubit and a half in length, coloured white, red and black; First regarded by many as a bizarre, peculiarly American psy-
from the horn were made drinking cups which were a preventive chological phenomenon that would quickly fade away, the UFO
of poisoning. Aristotle mentions two one-horned animals, the instead showed an amazing tenacity over more than a dozen years,
oryx, a kind of antelope, and "the so-called Indian ass." In Roman and the U.S. air force was officially charged with investigating the
times Pliny mentions the oryx, the Indian ass, and an Indian ox repor.s. Often several reports were made to the air force in one
as one-horned; Aelian, quoting Ctesias, adids that India produces day, and reports came a'so from France, Great Britain and other
also a one-horned horse and says that the Monoceros was some- countries. Indeed,  ac ccunt is taken of the smaller area of some
times called Carcazonon, possibly a form of the Arabic Carsadin, of the countries and the grater percentage of cloudy weather they
rhinoceros. experience, the ifitings "rer square mile per day" often were
The medieval conception of the unicorn as possessing great more frequent the  thar. in the U.S.
strength and fierceness is perhaps due to the fact that in certain The UiO sheuld rot be regarded as something that came into
passnges of the Old Testament the Hebrew word R'em, now trans- being in 1947, eve. thotgh the phenomenon burst suddenly upon
lated in the Revised Version "wild ox," was translated in the the public conscioushess in taat year. History is full of references
to strange sigals in In ancient and medieval times a
in the Authorized Version "unicorn," though in Deut. xxxii, 17 it comet wai i stri loe and terriiying sight, as was an aurora, and
obviously refers to a two-horned animal. Isidore xii, 2, 1? tells it would Ee impd sinle to say whether the pattern of sightings in
how the unicorn had been known to worst the elephant in comnbat. those days was the san me as in the 2Oth century. Certainly, in some
As a decoration on drinking cups, it symbolized the ancient be- respecs i. mnu t ave heen different. There were no "sky-hook"
lief in the efficacy of the unicorn's horn against poison, wnich in research bniloons, cnusual types of aircraft or re-entering missiles
England remained, even in the time of Charles II, though Sir E. or artifi: lites. A comet, though described in terms recog-
Ray Laukester mentions that a cup made of rhinocero, horn was
then handed over to the Royal society for experiment, with the re- It is easy to ind gine that there were many UFO's in those times.
sult of entirely disproving the superstition. many steresf range sightings in the sky; but since communi-
In the court ceremonial of France as late as 17s9 instruments of cation was pe r and record-keeping almost nonexistent, such
"unicorn's" horn were still used for testing the royal food for sightings became part of the underbrush of local folklore and old
poison. wives' tales. Certainly, in times when people believed that a
In heraldry the unicorn was sometimes used as a device (see woman could give birth to dogs and pigs, that witches could levitate
HeraLDry), but oftener as a supporter, and subsists in modern and fly about, and when credulity ran high, it would be not at all
times as the left-hand support of the royal arms. This position surprising to find a similarly uncritical attitude toward ordinary—
it assumed at the Union, the Scottish royal arms having been and today well-understood-aerial phenomena.
supported by two unicorns. When the unicorn became a sup- Reports since the birth of the "modern" UFO in 1947 generally
porter of the royal arms both of England and Scotland, a royal occurred in waves, but on the average, during the period of the
crown was added on the head of the unicorn, in addition to the U.S. air force study. they numbered more than one a day. If
crown with chain and ring round its neck, but this crown was re- consideration is taken of the fact that many reported sightings
moved after the Hanoverian succession. In England after the were not made through official channels, but to newspapers and
Union the unicorn became the left-hand supporter, but in Scot- to civilian groups interested in the phenomena, the rate of obser-
land, as late as i 766, it was still put on the right. vations may have been as high as two or three a day in the U.S.
UNICORN PLANT (Proboscidea jussieui). a North over a period of a dozen years. France, Italy, England and a
American plant of the family Martyniaceae, called also probos- number of Latin American countries also experienced minor waves
cis flower and devil's-claw, native from Indiana to New Mexico and of UFO reports.
southward to Mexico, cultivated for its abundant foliage, pecul- The steady stream of sightings became a cause for concern to
iarly shaped flowers and oddly formed fruiting pods. It is a the air force, and detailed investigations were made to discover

sightings. af long as they continue, will merit serious study and
which an object or phenomenon was seen; and (3) the continued may lead to advance: not only in physical knowledge but in the
evaluation of UFO reports is of scientific value, especially in rela- area of human b. haviour as well (J.A. H.)
tion to the military sky surveillance problem. UNIT[ED IIEL D THEORY attempts to extend the gen-
It was established that many sightings arose from seeing star- eral theoiy of relaiivity 'g.v.) to electromagnetic forces and the
tling natural objects for the first time; e.g., very bright maeteors, forces be:ween uclear particles. General relativity incorporates
high-altitude scientific balloons (which can attain high velocity the gravita jomal firld into the structure of four-dimensional space
when caught in the jet stream) and especially distant terrestrial time, and i senst gravitation becomes part of geometry.
or celestia! objects seen under such unusual meteorolo_ical condi- Unified f ry has sttempted te extend this treatment to the
tions as those that produce mirages, which can distort, displace other iorces me tioned and if this were achieved, all the funda-
and animate objects detected visually or by radar. Such meteoro- mental ficids otce would be described by the geometry of
logical conditions, some thoroughly understood (mirages) and space time. i was also hoped that a unified field theory would
some poorly understood (ball lightning), can easily cause even overcome certain dificulties in electromagnetism and atomic
an experienced observer to ascribe what he sees to a tangible, theory; e.g., in classical electromagnetism there is no explanation
nearby, self-propelled object. of how elements of like charge, which must repel each other, can
Indeed, it is not at all surprising, with so many more people cohere to form an electron or other fundamental charged particle;
turning their attention skyward, that many (including the scien- and in atomic theory the occurrence of probability as a fundamen-
tifically trained) are confronted an aerial phenomenon they tal notion was thought unsatisfactory, especially by Albert Ein-
cannot readily explain. stein and Erwin Schrödinger. There was also a more philosophical
Virtually all the reports received by the air force were highly reason. Physical reality is supposed to consist of particles of
subjective, lacking such verification as pictures, material frag- subjective., lacking such verification as pictures, material frag- matter and fields of force. Einstein believed that it should be matter and felds of force. Einstein believed that it should be
ments, spectroscopic analysis of lights seen or precise technical ments, spectroscopic analysis of lights seen or precise technical possible to eliminate the notion of a particle and to represent the
data on trajectories, distances, accelerations, etc. As the investi- whole of physical reality by means of a field, so that matter be-
gation progressed, it became clear that most reports could be cor- gation progressed, it became clear that most reports could be cor- comes nothing more than a region of high field intensity. comes nothing more than a region of high field intensity.
related with the appearance of aircrait, birds, celestial objects, related with the higcts General relativity is a highly developed field theory which General ral-tivity is a highly develoned field theory whick
balloons, etc., under special conditions, and the number of unex- still contains the idea of a particle because there are regions of
plained cases fell from an early value of more than 10% to as space time where the feld equations break down, and these "sin-
little as 2% or 3%. It was readily admitted that this small resi- gular regions" must be supposed to represent particles. In an en-
due--as reported-defied logical explanation. For none of the tirely successful field theory there would be no singular regions,
extraordinary "unknowns," however, were there scientific data on and every physical situation would be completely described by
which to base valid. definitive investigations. the field alone.
The early difficulties in coming to grips with the successive Of the many unsuccessful unified field theories put forward there
waves of sightings, coupled with concern that UFO reports, oiten were three main types. The gauge-invariant geometry of Her-
made by pilots, might constitute a threat to military security (and mann Weyl (191s) extended the class of transformations to which
the consequent, uniortunate air of secrecy imposed in the early the geometrical quantities characterizing space time must be in-
years of UFO reports), had an electrifying effect on the imagina- variant: he could thus introduce four quantities identifiable with
tions and emotions of a surprisingly large number of people. It the potentials in classical electromagnetism. This theory is un-
led to an inordinate interest in UFO's and a logical, albeit scien- suitable because it leads to field equations of the fourth differential
tifically unsupported theory of UFO's, encouraged by the real pos- order, whereas there is reason to believe that the correct equa-
sibility of life elsewhere in the universe, as well as by a strong, tions are of the second order. The second important class of
oiten unconscious, desire on the part of many people to believe in theories, stemming from work of T. Kaluza (l92l). are those
the probability of visitors from outer space. using five-dimensional spaces, and although thcy achieved a formal
This theory of UFO's, with its strong quasi-religious emotional unification of the fields, they did not solve any outstanding physi-
appeal, holds it not only logical to assume that other intelligent cal problems nor lead to important new ideas of physical signifi-
beings exist in the natural universe, but that superior extraterres- cance. The generalized theory of gravitation, or nonsymmetric
trial civilizations might visit here periodically, as if to make peri- unified field theory, was independently developed by Einstei
odic checks on a tribe of aborigines.o The theory is seen to have (1945) and by Schrödinger (1943). In this the fundamental
support throughout history in accounts of strange apparitions in tensor gax of general relativity is allowed to be nonsynmetric,
the sky, suggesting to some that the earth could have been visited which introduces an antisymmetric tensor of the second rank pre-
many times in the past. Some believe such visits became more sumably identifiable with the electromagnetic field variables. The
frequent as atomic and hydrogen bombs increased extraterrestrial investigations of the theory seem to show that it does not agree
concern. with experiment since it does not predict correctly the observed
In the face of continued lack of empirical evidence, persistent motion of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. However,

. .
BAF-LIN/LACOL dal11gsn/eab/53346/5 80/30 July 63/Rewtn 31. July
Devia SAF-IL. I Col Cambell/are/7haks
Dear W. Cantma:
lester tngutring aboers
I on inelostug thn Air Poroe yositson bogther with
tuo two allied atbeclents which attectwents which resute l. John P. Spetghts' refute 1
allegations. allegations. Thante hss boon Thange hss booe no erifanee uovered to the DO wfcren mnnowered ts the
eoutarmary ooutaru'y eiatch witch would alter alter the 20 eate vate
ccncenniag oencenntng 120'8. wo's.
I laoge I loge t24s this infrstion WELL WELL Claify clarify the Air Foree the Air Porea
gosihion but if there posikton but if there choauda choauld bn forkieer bn fortier dodrta ocmoemiag dousrts
thds makject, I would be plessed to mrrange fur an Air Poren thde makjecb, I would be plessed to mrrange for a Air Roren
yepreaentatfve yepreaentative to almezsg to dimease it wtth yos pereonadly at your 1t with you ally et your
xoanyesdenoe. anvendenoe.
Sinourely,
NT
PRET M. BOI8B1O1ON, COMREACK
Hajoe Guneral, UEAP SAPLLN,Lfe Calligm
Diretor, Lalative
BAPOX
Attaclsmnte APTIN
Henevahla Carl Vinsoa OSDLA,31-944
Chatnan, Conntttee on
Aned Bervioen
Houte of Reperesaertatiyes

I .
UID482181 7122 00/1G18
The Air Force's prinedpel Iaterest La these objerta/phencsere ie
io dertorndatng it they are is ang way a thareat to otar amtieeal eemurity
or if they are a source of sew scsenbdrie or techndenl infermntich.
Further, the Atr Foree attangte to deteredne the cause of onch alghting
in crder to allay publis anzioty resulting fron an iscident involving
unidenttfiod serial alepvrtra.
Botter than 90 par ceat of the wore thas 7.soo caees Lavestigated
a1nce 19k7 have been sttributed to the airidentifiestion of suth fantliar
anctens aa jortelia and atrngue. A renil pezeentigs of vdees remeine
To date thers hes been ao tvidence froam auy ekse to Sidicste thst thepe
objeeta/phenamena are say type of apaoe eraft other than earth setalldtes
O2 probes of the Soriet Ualon or of the Vetted Ctates.
In the Chited States thare are sore shaa rarky private unidentified
slytng objeet (uF0) onn1s Colleetively, thase o aafattone
benst sore than 500,000 soebert pris cipal olatss of thase orgaatas
tione are thas unidentiriod flying objeota are interglanetary epacecrsre
hnd that the Air Force is wItlholdling the Inforation.
the most aetive and fnfluential of theeg argmnds Ieations io thg Nietional
Tavestigation Cocnaittes cn Aerial Phencena (azcap). This orpaatsaldon is
headad by Nimjer Dceald B. Kayhoe, U. S. larise Coape (aet.).
-
a hearting to Lavsetignte the Afr Foree'a heodldag of the Uro yrogrwits TS
proagted Nir. Speighte" ietter to you.
Mr. Rootghts, a youth hes writiten to as ot taro previous
ocotalans ssd lns reoefved an aosvrer to esoh or hie two lexterh. From
tomparison of tbe langunge in lds prerious letters with that ia the lebter
to gow, it io olvioue that 3tr. Bipelghte has bad aonletancs wdth Lhe
majority of the fefornetios coetatned is thds most reoest latwer. It In
probaale thst ie copded it from sone I BICAP prblfostion.
Folleving are aone cbserrations re gariiez
Letter,
The ALr Fores has no reoord of the sumber of sttomgyts waich hare beea
made by our idlote to Sataroegt Wro'a) bowrer, euch actdon to sot WEUSURl
nor does it prave thst thines objecte/phenoment are tcgthalag otber than aa
eladaed by the Air Force. hs Alr Peroe attengte te Interagyk any chjeet
whdeh te tnidantiried aad bas preeeribed performesee paraeatere.

unfdeatiried Cying objeet. It io, in fact, posatble for a seientiat to
be fooled by a cocurrenee clovely aesociated vith his specialined f1ald
es evidented by tho experLence ofIr. Booald H. Manaal of Harvard, noted
astroncmer. Dr. Mansel wes foeled fer a tine by the refrseted issge of the
star Skrius. Dhls axperienee ts relsted in Clayter IY, page 60 of hie
forthogaing book, mE woxLD Or FixIRg sADcaNE, Jutllahed by Doubleday.
There aare alghtinge in the Air Poree files which indicnte ball
Lightning or seme eimflar clsetroedgnetie nhenreers as the proballe chusd.
Due to the infrequent oeourrend cnd the transient meture of ball Lightning,
it is iapoesible to have gBod decusented reports cn this phoaowonn, In
moet of these ckatn, ritneaeen hare reportsd interference vith vehfcla
igaftion, Light, redio, etc. redio, eto. Sueh intarferenoe, if actually cccurring, cccuring,
eould be due to the presende of the ligitaing or to ths fhet that tis could be due to the presende of the ligitaing or to ths fhet that tie
witngss in hls ezefteurent cay accidentally stali the car. witngss in his ezefteurent cay aocidentally stali the car. Becaute ball Becaute ball
lightaing ustelly ocnurs inedtately cenurs inmedtately following & sevore titnderutorm, euch
faetors es wet igadtton, atsospberie faetors as wet igadtton, atsospberie statio, statie, etd., etd.. nay be the the chuod for the chuoe for the
reported trouble.
The Afr Poree lass takon gefger ccunter reaiinge immodtately after
sighting but bns get to find aig resdtage widch vry aigificantly from
the norstl beelproued of the aves tested.
Rader sightinge are ofton supported by visual sigitiags because tbe
smare atsospherie cnditions whtah produce visuel aunaralfos may also affeet
radar.
Io is Alr Force pelfey to prorids niws medin with informatios regarding
uo sightings which reach netienal prominance and to provide Inroration
to individuals in responee to their spicifte requests. A cogy of the moat
recant sumery or dats for the yeurs 1958 through 1962 is attached.
Prther, the next o30109 nt the Bugyeloredta Britonatos cerTy an
artiale G0 unidentiried flying objeets. Tis article, also attached, bas
been agproved by the Air Ferce, 614 prepered by Dr. d. Aleu Pyeak,
Chafrean of the Department of rongey at Berttsrostern Univereity, who
iks served as Air Foree coasulsant uo progrea ainge 3948.
2

4
In order that the yublfe be provided with as sweh inforvation as
possible, every effert is sade to keap uro sd.ghtingn unelasaified.
supporting inforation indfeates the alsstrication of a sighting and
not the sighting iteelf. Nace 1659, 104 clees or 2.167 are eleasiried
and only four of the 53 Caser To thts Od are classified.
The numbar of foreign reports that have ecme to ouur attention do not
differ mssurbLy from those originasing In the U. B. efthgr is the
presentation of the deta or detern.ned probeble ceuse.
The ALr Poroe has no knovledge of a 1948 docunent by ATIC widch
states that urg's are interplanetary speoe ships. One of the origial
docmanto establishing the project statee that an objectiva would be to
detereine if eay evidende from eightings sugresta that uro's n20of
intarplanetary origin. I% is possible that the waning of this document
VRS misinterpreted. The Afr Foree's open sinded ateftude a8111 persists,
and favestigators and analyate have no preconeefved notion as to the cause
for a sighting but rather Oammnar forn their conelusions frem thhe etience. To
date no evidence date no evidemce has hos besn found to lend lend 1s us that e thane
objeets are Late iaterplanetary EPL metary syace space ahips.
Unidentified Unfdentified sertal phenomena cons&i tute eonelftute only a part of s part or the naise the naise
which our defense detection syatare nrust orust take takce Lato socount socount in preventing
secidental seeidental Ver. Seientifie stulies stulfes soo extonafve to be disgussed to be discussed hore, here,
ere eare being being condnated to to detertue the extent and and nature of uature of this notse for
integration into iato our our defenadve defenadve aertwoek. bertwork.
3

mation ongressman Joseph Karth. of the
committee. report, Mr. Karth commended
to Chairman Overton Brooks that be no hearings.
3 Earlier this year an article on unidentified flying objects was
prepared the Encyclopaedia ritannica by Dr llen Hynek of
our UFO and Lt Col
Robert J. Friend. Mr. A. Francis Arcier made many suggestions and
approved the final article which is to appear in the next edition of
5. The background section
a. AFNIN letter to FTD
b. Copies of the documents which established the UFO
C. Documents related to Mr. Hines' visit to FTD
d. Congressman
e. UFO ar 1Ei ncyclopaedia I Britannica
6. If you de Friend and I will
be available.
Do not forward to Command Section until this block has been signed and dated by the a appropriate OPI. This block, when signed,
signifies completed coordination and that the OPI is aware of concurrence, non-concurrence and either resolution of difference or
why the non-coneurjence should be overridden.
944 cholo 7/18/63
Signature Date
AFSC SM R M1 FORM 149 PREVIOUS EDITION OF THIS FORM MAY BE USED.

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE OF
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
REPLY TO ATTN OF: AFNIN
SUBJECT: Unide tified lying Objects
1 0 JUL 1963
TO: Commander
FTD
Wright Ohio
draft of a proposed repl norable Vinson.
2. Also attached for your
flying objects.
must be by 1963.
FOR THE TAFF
2 Atch
ukeant. 1. Ltr Carl . Ltr Carl Vinson, July 8 Vinson, July
2. 2. Ltr John Ltr John P. Speights, July 2
DONALD M. DESSERT Copy furnished:
LTCOL, USAF LTCOL, USAF
Office, Assistant AFSC (SCF) Andrews AFB
Intelligence Chief of Staff

3A: TDG(General Pierce)
1. An'article appearedr"Ir-theg July 196l lasje of Newsweek, stating
the possibility of a congressional investigation of the UsAF UFO
Program,.. Contact with the Secretary of Air Force, Legislative Liaison
Qffice(SAFLL) reyealed
such an inveetigation. However, SAFLL pointed out that unoreicially
there vere indications that such en investigation would- take place.
2. Unofficial sources (SAFLL) have it that Congressman Joeeph E. Karth,
Minnesots, of the House Science and Astronantics Comnittee (Congresszan
Overton Brbok, Los Angeles Chairran) would head the investigating teem.
The investigation be directed tovard deterndning generally how the tovard deterining generally how the
USAF 1s USAF is handling the UFO Progran and specifically the capabilities of the capabilities of
FTD in the aralysis FTD in the analysis and investigation inveatigation areas areas.
3. 3. SAFLL's present efforts are efforts are directed towkrd beading ofr the investi directed towkrd beadibg ofr the investi
gation gation or if it is to occur, baving it take plsce 3n Washington D. C.
with Dr. J. Allen Hymek, with Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Coneultant to the Uo Conaultant to the Upo Progrem and I Progrem and Major Robert J. Major Robert J.
Firend, Aerial Pbenomena Branch TD-E in attendance. Aerial Pbenomena Branch TD-E in attendance.
4.0. If the investigation is carried out at If the investigation is carried out at FiD I intend to handle it FtD I intend to handle it
within the Deputy within the Deputy unless otherwise directad. unless otherwlse directed.
EDWARD H. 'WYNN
Colonel, USAF
Deputy for Seience and Componants
8
164

The latter briefi members of the Senate
Preparedne ub-K Services
Astronautics Sub-
Committee IA, and representatives from the ffice
the
3. A later effort of Major Keyhoe's to instigate a
hearing on Uro's by the House Space and Astronautic
Committee during GRA m0.c cersful
Hines, a staff
background atio egarding Force's
handling of ogram From Mr, Jiines report,
Mr. Karth determined that pproach to
the program oper and that Major Keyhoe's
charges mishandling were without grounds A copy
of Congress arth's lette Ljor Keyhoe is
attached.
4 Since it is apparent from Mr. Speights' letter
that Major Keyhoe and others are attempting to force
further Congressional hearings on the UFO program,
it is my opinion that this rather long letter to
Mr. Vinson is justified.
V

1
5. I suggest that a copy of the UFo article by Dr. J.
Allen Hynek which is to appear in the next edition of
the Encyclopaedia Britannica be attached to Congressman
Vinson tter.
ARTHUR J. PIERCE
Conimander Brigadier General, USAE
5 Atch
2 1. Ltr Carl Vinson, 8 Jul 63.
2. Ltr J.P. Speights, 2 Jul 63.
3. Proposed reply to Vinson.
4. 2 cy ltr Rep Karth tc o Maj
Keyhoe, 28 Aug 61.
5. 2 cy exerpt Encyclopaedia
Britannica.
COORDINATION: COORDINATION:
Date 7/5/3 Date 7/8/3
TDE CoL Eric
COL re
TDEW Uumn Tam Dato 18 July'63 Date 18Jjuly'63
Mr. Fred P. Van Dame Mr. Fred P. Van Dame
TDEW TDEW Robert I Priend
Dato 18 July63
Lt Col Robert J. Friend

involving
the more than 7500 cases investi-
gated since 1947 have been attributed to the misidentification
of such familiar objects as
and such unfamiliar phenomena as S
evidence from any case to indicate that
space
probes of the Soviet Union or of the United States.
In the United States t there are more than fifty private
unidentified flying object (UFO) organizations. Collectively,
these organizations boast more than 500,000 members. During the
these organizations
actually nominated their - who allegedly threw his